Both tools and language were very important for our survival, as well as the development of our culture. Tools enabled humans to hunt animals. Those animals served as food, and sometimes their hides were used for creating shelters and, later on, clothing. This shows a small part of our culture. What we eat and drink today depends on which part of the world we come from, how financially stable we are, what religion we follow, etc. Back then, the humans' diet depended on which part of the world they lived in, and what kind of hunting tools they were able to make. Human culture started developing even three million years ago! Tools were also used for making fire. With fire, early humans could stay up later at night, and socialize with friends and family. This started oral tradition another very important part of our culture. Oral tradition tells us about the hopes, dreams, ideas and opinions of the people who lived long ago. Fire also enabled the early humans to migrate to colder areas, and spread around the world. Language has helped early humans a lot. More complex words, and short sentences gave them the opportunity to discuss hunting techniques, and improve their tool-making. With language oral tradition started, and, over time, with the humans' brains evolving and becoming more developed, humans started telling more detailed stories of their beliefs and lifestyle. Language also enabled humans to do many other things. They could choose leaders, to make changes and lead the people in their communities. They could also discuss their religion, and what they believed in. Early humans could also talk about what they hoped to achieve in the future, and how they planned to survive.
However, our human culture took a lot of time to develop. The first humans who roamed the Earth were the Australopithecines. The didn't make a lot of tools, but they made some basic ones. The Homo Habilis made tools out of stone, that they used for hunting. Those tools were simple, but they did require quite a lot of skill and strategical thinking. One example of the tools they made are the stone flints. Our next ancestor is the Homo Erectus, an early human who made more complex tools. They made hand axes, that helped them with hunting bigger animals. They created those axes by strking one piece of stone with another, and shaping it. This was really hard, because they had to fiind just the right kind of stone. It had to be hard enough not to break, but not really hard, otherwise it wouldn't be able to be chipped and correctly shaped. The next ancestor of ours was the Homo Heidelbergensis, which was first discovered in Germany. The "Heidi" people, as they are sometimes called, were hunter-gatherers, which means that they collected wild plants and hunted wild animals. They also lived in small communities, and they migrated a lot, following their food., and searching for ripe plants. There is evidence that the "Heidi" people used traps, to catch some of the bigger prey. This required organization skills and some type of language, which made those early humans stand out compared to all the other animals. Next is the neanderthal, an early human looked very much like us, and had a brain size almost the same size as our own. The neanderthals were community builders. They have developed many things, and contributed to the human culture in many ways. Firstly, they invented burials. They believed in some kind of afterlife, just like we do today. Neanderthals also had some very complex tools, such as the slide scrapers, many flints, detailed big axes, etc. Neanderthals were the first ones to use art. They used colors to decorate their bodies. And, finally, we come to the Homo Sapiens, or the wise human. The Cro-Magnons, very early Homo Sapiens, lived around 50,000 years ago, and are named after a cave in France, changed the human culture forever. They started making astounding cave art, sculptures, and clothing. That SURELY required language. They also had more complex burials, and amazing tools such as nets for fishing, spear throwers for launching spears, and bows and arrows.
Our culture has come a long way since the early Australopithecines. We have advanced both physically and mentally, and tools and language really helped us achieve that. Without the ability to use those two things, we would be no different from other animals.
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