Wednesday, January 12, 2011

Why was Çatal höyük such an important archeological find?

There are many reasons why Çatal höyük was such an important part of our past, and an immence influence on the societies at that time. Çatal höyük was a big Neolithic town, that stood in modern day Turkey around 6000 B.C., and covered around thirty two acres of land. It was a home for between five and six thousand people, and it contained around 1000 houses. Çatal höyük had absolutely no streets, but consisted od small clay houses, whose doors were placed on the rooftops. The clay houses were all on different levels, to let the light pass through. People got around by using the ladders, which led from one layer to the next. Houses had two rooms. One contained the stored food, or the surplus, while the other room was the kitchen area (consisting of a clay oven and a hearth) and living quarters, that included clay chairs and tables, that were used as beds at night.
One of the reasons Çatal höyük is very important is because some of the first farmers lived there. Farming was and still is a very important part of human communities, because it enabled people to do many different things. Firstly, farming enabled people to learn and observe their environment more, and that includes learning about the conditions plants need to live in, noticing the habits of the animals that they domesticated, etc. Farming also started the division of labour. Not all people in one society spent their time farming full-time. That enabled them to start new hobbies, and occupations, which included fishing, pottery making, and of course craftmenship. People started making tools, beads, pouches, hairpins, bowls, etc.
The Çatal höyük people were also one of the first ones to start trading. They traded their valuables possesions for items they lacked of. One of the most valuable things that the the town of Çatal höyük traded was the black volcanic glass, called obsidian. This glass was made when the hot volcano lava cooled down, and was used for making fine tools. It was so valuable, that the people in Çatal höyük traveled up to 120 miles to get it. Then, they transported it back to Çatal höyük on the backs of their domesticated animals.
The people of Çatal höyük were amongst the first ones to develop culture with much detail. In the town of Çatal höyük, archaeologists found what seemed to be a shrine, or a sacred worship place. The clay benches inside were decorated with bull horns, and plaster sculptures of different animals decorated the walls. The people that lived in Çatal höyük also had burial practices. They buried their dead relatives under the floors, because they were still considered a part of the family, and they were kept within the household.
Another thing that made the Çatal höyük very advanced was the fact that they were very self-sufficient. That means that they did not need others in order to survive. They had a steady supply of food from their domesticated cattle and crops, as well reliable homes, and amazing crafts, which led to flourishing trade with other cities, and nations.
The people of Çatal höyük were very advanced for the time period they lived in, and without them, we would never know for sure, when did people first start permanently settling, and when did people develop from hunter-gatherers to self-sufficient farmers, traders, and crafters.

1 comment:

  1. hi!

    Wow! You had a lot of detail and you really included everything we studied about! I also think that your vocabulary was really advanced. Great job!

    ReplyDelete